UNIT+1-+CHEM-BIOCHEM

=** Chem-Biochem **= =by: Sarah M., Brianne T., Julie T., Jennie U. =

 **Summary:** The units of Biochemistry and Chemistry focus on matter and the characteristics of substances. Biochemistry is the science dealing with the chemistry of living matter. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of a substance. In Biochemistry we learn about the four molecules of life and how they affect us. In chemistry we discuss matter, elements, atoms, compounds, chemical bonds, and carbon. Objectives:

** In this chapter you will learn about: -The four molecules of life -The basics of chemistry -Atoms and chemical bonds -And water and the pH scale VOCABULARY  **: Amino Acids: An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins

Atoms: The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Carbohydrates: A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides) <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Chemistry : study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of a substance <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Compounds: substance made up of atoms of two or more elements <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);"> Condensation: <span style="color: rgb(5,5,5);">taking two, making one --> Linking smaller molecules to make a larger molecule

<span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Covalent bond: forms when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons (H2O) <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Dehydration: removing water to form the molecule <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Enzymes: A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Ionic bond: formed be electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions (Na+Cl-)

media type="youtube" key="xTx_DWboEVs" height="252" width="310" <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Isomer: molecules with the same chemical formulas but different structural formulas <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Isotopes: A form of an atom that has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Lipids: One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Mass: the quantity of matter and object has <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Monomer: a simple molecule <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Monosaccharide: The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Nucleic Acid: A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Peptide bond: <span style="color: rgb(210,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(32,24,24);">covalent bond that forms when two amino acids are joined together -- very strong bond

<span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">pH scale: <span style="color: rgb(17,19,17);">pH stands for "percent hydrogen": shows the measurment of the number of hydrogen ions present <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Polysaccharide: A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions Click [|here]to view an animation on the assembling Polysaccharides <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Proteins: A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids <span style="color: rgb(112,48,160);">Steroids:  A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">

<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Work cited: Click [|here] to view.