Practice+Quiz+2

 =Cell Quiz=     Challenge: List every organelle and its function for plant and animal cells.
 * 1) Explain the route protein takes from start to finish
 * 2) What organelle is the "power house" of the animal cell? What powers an animal cell?
 * 3) Out of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic, which state is ideal for a cell to be in, and why?
 * 4) Define "osmosis."
 * 5) Chronologically list stages of mitosis.
 * 6) What types of cells and how many cells come from mitosis?
 * 7) What is the control center of a cell?
 * 8) What are the two different types of cell-based organsims? Define both.
 * 9) Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells.
 * 10) What is the purpose of both ER's (rough and smooth)?
 * 11) How many chromosomes are in a sex cell ?
 * 12) How many chromosomes are in a normal body cell?
 * 13) What is the importance of mitochondrial DNA?
 * 14) Explain the three stages (G1, S, and G2) of interphase.
 * 15) In what faze of mitosis do the spindles attach to the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles?
 * 16) What does the golgi apparatus sort/re-check?
 * 17) What are the differneces bewtween Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis?
 * 18) Explain the differences between Exocytosis and Endocytosis.
 * 19) What incidences will launch mitosis, or the replication of cells
 * 20) What are the three aspects to the Cell Theory?

Answers: 1) RNA is created from DNA in the nucleus. The RNA contains the code for protein. The RNA enters a ribosome and begins making the protein. The ribosome, containing protein, then passes through the smooth and rough ER where it will continue to create protein. 2) Mitochondria, chloroplasts 3) Isotonic - there are equal amounts of water/solute outside and inside the cell, making the cell neither bloated or shriveled 4) Osmosis is the movement of water in and out of a cell 5) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase 6) Body cells, 2 cells 7) Nucleus/ Nucleolus 8) Prokaryotic - simple organism, no membrane-bound organelles, and Eukaryotic - complex organism, membrane-bound organelles 9) Both contain plasma membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, smooth and rough ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and a cytoskeleton. Only animal cells contain cilia/flagellum, lysosomes, and mitochondria. Only plant cels contain large central vacuoles, chloroplasts, and cell walls. 10) Both are an extension of nuclear membrane, Smooth - Synthesize lipids, Rough - Transports ribosomes 11) 23 12) 46 13) Mitochondrial DNA comes from a mother //only// 14) G1 - growth phase, S - everything within the cell doubles, G2- second growth phase 15) Anaphase 16) Important molecules 17) Pinocytosis is when a cell takes in liquid (cell drinking,) and Phagocytosis is when a cell takes in a nutrient molecule (cell eating.) 18) Exocytosis is when something from within the cell exits it though the plasma membrane, endocytosis is when a molecule outside of the cell membrane enters the cell 19) When you get a cut and it needs to scab over, skin cells are always dividing because skin cells are always dying and rubbing off our skin, etc. 20) 1 - All living things are made up of one or more cells, 2 - cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things, 3 - all cells come from preexisting cells Challenge) The **Plasma Membrane** regulates what enters and leaves the cell and separates the internal environment from the external environment. It is composed of a lipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane because it allows water molecules to diffuse through the bilayer. The **Cytoskeleton** helps support cell structure and drive cell movement. **Flagellum**: a long, hair-like extension on a cell that helps the cell propel **(Animal Cells Only)** The **Vacuole** stores extra material for the cell such as nutrients and water and is the largest organelle in the plant cell. **(Generally, Plant Cells Only) ** **Chloroplasts** are the sites for photosynthesis and are only found in plant cells. Chlorophyll pigments in the chloroplasts gives plants their color. **<span style="color: rgb(165, 243, 155);">(Plant Cells Only) **
 * The Nucleus** is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in an animal cell and it contains DNA.
 * Nuclear Envelope:** Double-layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus
 * Nucleolus:** Synthesizes ribosomes
 * The Endoplasmic Reticulum** is an extension of the nuclear membrane.
 * Rough E.R.**: Transports ribosomes
 * Smooth E.R**.: Synthesizes lipids
 * Ribosomes** are the sites of protein synthesis and are the smallest organelle in the cell.
 * The Golgi Apparatus** sorts, chemically alters, and packages important molecules.
 * Peroxisomes** detoxify harmful substances that enter the cell.
 * Cilia**: short, hair-like extensions on the cell that aid in cell movement <span style="color: rgb(91, 124, 230);"><span style="color: rgb(94, 136, 247);">**(Animal Cells Only)**
 * Lysosomes** are responsible for intracellular digestion and are only found in animal cells. They are membranous sacs of acidic enzymes and are sometimes called 'suicide sacs.' <span style="color: rgb(91, 124, 230);"> <span style="color: rgb(94, 136, 247);">**(Generally, Animal Cells Only)**
 * Mitochondria** are the sites of cellular respiration generate fuel for the cell's activities.<span style="color: rgb(91, 124, 230);"><span style="color: rgb(94, 136, 247);">**(Animal Cells Only)**
 * Cell Wall:** Structure outside of a plant cell that gives the cell its rigid, boxy shape. <span style="color: rgb(120, 230, 117);"><span style="color: rgb(125, 223, 114);">**(Plant Cells Only)**