Life+Molecules

Life Molecules 
 *    Carbohydrates
 *    (Sugars)
 *    Organic compounds composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
 *    Function is to provide your body with energy
 *    Examples include: [[image:http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/CXGuo/Eatingright_files/main_files/image003.jpg width="144" height="174" align="right"]]
 *    sugars, bread, and pasta
 *    Monosaccharide
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Building blocks of carbohydrates
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Simple sugars (only one molecule) (monomer)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Most common sugars are (natural sugars):
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Glucose (fuel for cells), galactose (milk), and fructose (sweetest, found in fruits)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Disaccharide
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Two monosaccharides combined to form a double sugar
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Condensation and dehydration are how disaccharides are formed
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Polysaccharide
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Examples:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Glycogen (link together to store extra glucose), starch, and cellulose
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Polymer

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> >> >> >> >> >>
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Proteins
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Polymer made up of 20 different monomers [[image:http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/proteins.jpg width="464" height="296" align="right"]]
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Are the primary part of many body tissues
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Function is to help build muscle mass
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Examples:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Meat / fish, eggs, and nuts / peanut butter
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Amino Acids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Function is the building blocks of proteins
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Structure contains function groups
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Carboxyl (COOH) and Amino (NH2)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Have peptide bonds (strong)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Enzymes
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Function is to increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start a reaction (activation energy)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Role is that it acts as a Catalysts (speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction)

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lipids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Fat
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Function is to build cell membranes [[image:http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Lipid/P-lipid.gif width="346" height="242" align="right"]]
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Examples:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">From plant – healthy, from animal – not as healthy
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Oil and anything high in fat (peanut butter, donuts, anything fired)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Ear wax
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Fatty Acids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Building blocks of lipids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Functional group is
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Carboxyl (COOH)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Can be:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Unsaturated, saturated, polysaturated, trans
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Healthy <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"> à  <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> unhealthy
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Steroids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lipids protect

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Nucleic Acids
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Function is to store important information for the cell
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They are large, complex organic (carbon) molecules
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Contains information essential for cell activities
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It is like a recipe box that holds all the recipes
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Made up of three parts:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stores and transfers information for making proteins
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">It reads the recipe (DNA) to make the proteins
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Also made up of the same three parts:
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Functional Groups
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Clusters of atoms that influence the properties of the molecule they compose
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Amino Group
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">NH2 (add COOH and get a protein)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Hydroxyl Group
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">OH (alcohol)
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Carboxyl Group
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">COOH (fatty acid)

>> >> >> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Characteristics of Carbon
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New';">   <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Carbon needs four electrons
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Each hydrogen needs one electron <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">[[image:http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/images/carbon-hydrogen-e-dots.gif width="184" height="117" align="center"]]

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Click [|here]or a video about nucleic acids and DNA Click [|here] for an animation